Downs syndrome and free radicals

 When we do a chromosome count on patients diagnosed as having mongolism or Downs syndrome we find they have 47 instead of 46 chromosomes-the  extra chromosome being one of the smallest afrocentric group chromosomes
All body functions are controlled by genes. Reactive oxygen toxic species or ROTS are free radicals which are either generated in our bodies  through metabolism, exercise , foods we consume, exposure to radiation and other environmental conditions. The common ROTS are superoxide radical, hydrogen peroxide, hydroxyl radical, ozone  and even high concentrations of oxygen. The body either neutralizes these  ROTS with enzymes , and/or nutrients like vitamin C and E, or minerals like Zinc and selenium. (For example superoxide dismutase neutralizes the  superoxide free radical by converting it to H2O2.  Catalase then breaks down the  hydrogen peroxide further to another ROTS -the hydroxyl radical (OH) and/or eventually to water and oxygen .
Years ago I remember reading a Dr. Whitaker newsletter , in which he postulated that  the gene for superoxide dismutase which converts the superoxide radical to H202 is located on chromosome 21- while the gene for the enzyme catalase is located on a different chromosome. This  imbalance-3 genes controlling Superoxide dismutase produces more H2O2 than the 2 genes of catalase can metabolize. Result is a build up of peroxide and this ROTS is believed to produce the damage to the nervous system. The other features of mongolism "rag doll " sensation when they are handled, is believed related to defects in protein synthesis probably as a result of genetic imbalance- More of something may not mean it is better for you."
Word of caution. Its imperative that for those offering genetic counselling , that a karyotypic analysis is done and not just a chromosome count as this extra chromosome 21 may me translocated and attached to another chromosome belonging to the D. group giving a chromosome count of 46. Trisomy 21 is due to a failure of non disjunction during the process of meiosis and production of gametes.