Thursday, June 28, 2012
Regeneration of amputated limbs in Salamanders
Last night I heard about some medical breakthroughs in regeneration. The researcher detailed how the salamander was able to regenerate an entire limb and regain total functions within a few months. She also demonstrated a human experiment I believe in which she stripped the tissue of its cellular lining and using only the extracellular matrix was able to regenerate a complete lining of cells- a vessel- after she grafted this matrix in a host. This work was considered quite novel.
I recall when I was taking my doctorate at the university of Toronto in the early 1950's and Paul White a visiting plant scientist gave us a lecture showing how an entire carrot with the root and stems could be produced from a single carrot cell. The carrot even had the flowering portion indicating that it could also produce carrot seeds.(I even bought his small book on plant tissue culture which I still have in my library).
I also recall reading at that time the scientific journal Endeavor. The article showed how the growing point of roots- the cambrian region- underwent differentiation into xylem, phloem, and other vascular structures of the plant. We also did experiments as students in which we placed a young seedling in the recumbent position only to find that the leafy portion (stem) normally above ground level would gradually assume an upright position while the roots turned downward. However if the plant was kept in continuous rotatory motion while in the horizontal position this movement of the stem and root did not occur.
I think we can gain a lot of information from our plant scientists.- probably most in the regeneration of bone where it is well known that if a limb is kept in a frozen or immobolized position with a cast and/or other mechanical devise the normal development can be delayed. I wonder if that salamander would regenerate an entire limb with bone, muscles vascular neurological components, etc. if the regenerating limb was immobilized
The same question might be directed at development of a vessel from just the external cellular matrix.
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